Compare Monaco (2008) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

Compare Monaco (2008) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

	Monaco (2008)	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

Administrative divisions	none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: 15% (male 2,514/female 2,394) 15-64 years: 62.3% (male 10,047/female 10,312) 65 years and over: 22.7% (male 3,019/female 4,385) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products	none	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	-	5 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 2 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 3 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	9.12 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $863 million expenditures: $920.6 million (2005 est.)	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million
Capital	name: Monaco geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	Stanley
Climate	Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	4.1 km	1,288 km
Constitution	17 December 1962	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency	-	Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate	12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$18 billion (2000 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador to the US and UN Gilles NOGHES chancery: 565 Fifth Avenue, 3rd floor, New York, NY 10017 telephone: (212) 286-0500 FAX: (212) 286-1574	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	none	claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	none
Economy - overview	Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a major banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. The second largest source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	11.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production	-	12 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	NA	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%	British
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005) head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	$716.3 million note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)	$7.6 million (1995)
Exports - commodities	-	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	-	UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $52 million (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 0% industry: 4.9% services: 95.1% (2005)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $19,000
GDP - real growth rate	0.9% (2000 est.)	1%
Geographic coordinates	43 44 N, 7 24 E	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Highways	-	total: 550 km paved: at least 50 km unpaved: NA (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$916.1 million note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)	$24.7 million (1995)
Imports - commodities	-	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	-	UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Independence	1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products	wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.27 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.9% (2000)	3.6% (1998) (1998)
International organization participation	ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO	ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	44,000 note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque	English
Legal system	based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 3 February 2008 (next to be held February 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - UPM 52.2%, REM 40.5%, Monaco Together 7.3%; seats by party - UPM 21, REM 3	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.82 years male: 75.99 years female: 83.85 years (2007 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)	-
Location	Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	Europe	South America
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 12 nm	continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	registered in other countries: 64 (Bahamas 11, Barbados 1, Georgia 10, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 8, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 7, Norway 5, Panama 11, St Kitts and Nevis 1, St Vincent and The Grenadines 6, unknown 1) (2007)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003)	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	-	British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA%
National holiday	National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	NA	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	none	fish, wildlife
Net migration rate	7.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders	Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM); Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM; Monaco Together	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	32,671 (July 2007 est.)	2,967 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.386% (2007 est.)	2.44% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Stanley
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	1,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.974 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female total population: 0.912 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	34,000 (2005)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	17,200 (2005)	NA
Television broadcast stations	5 (1998)	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	hilly, rugged, rocky	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	1.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	0% (2005)	full employment; labor shortage
Waterways	-	none

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